Glossary

expressions of emotion as a sequence of involuntary, fast facial action

defined by Anastassia Blechko

Accusations of crimes that are not anchored in real events.

defined by Mikaela Magnusson

belief for the occurrence of events that actually do not happen

defined by Jianqin Wang

when a person confesses to a crime that they did not actually commit; often occurs as a result of inappropriate interrogation and/or mental impairment

defined by Anna Sagana

When an innocent suspect admits to a crime he/she did not commit. 

defined by Katherine Hoogesteyn

remembering details or whole events that were not experienced

defined by Nathalie Brackmann

remembering events that do not happen

defined by Jianqin Wang

a method to implant false memories into participants; in this method participants are persuaded by photoshopped photos that they have experienced an event and then form false memories for the event

defined by Jianqin Wang

the tendency to like what is familiar 

defined by Jenny C. Su

is passion plus commitment; you’re thinking about the other person all the time, your pulse races when you think about them, and you like to giggle together about the word “forever,” even if you don’t have a deep intimate understanding of each other (well, yet)

defined by Alex Gunz

Building block of perceptual impressions or planned actions (like form, color, orientation, movement direction, location, speed, size, etc.).

defined by Carina Giesen, Markus Janczyk, David Dignath, Roland Pfister, Birte Moeller

a framework to analyze and critique social systems and material practices that stigmatize certain kinds of bodily variations (i.e., people with disabilities); the key motives are forging positive identities and promoting the inclusion of women with disabilities in mainstream society

defined by Angela Celebre

a term introduced by Csikszentmihalyi (1999) to describe a social group responsible for judging individual outcomes according to their creativity; the field is a relevant social system for the creating individual and it represents a part of society

defined by Cara Kahl

a research project conducted in everyday, real-world settings

defined by Anna Sagana

A physiological reaction that occurs in response to an acute stressful situation to help people cope with danger; also called “the acute stress response”

defined by Carey Marr

is imprinting (see below) by offspring

defined by Stephen Bertman

Sudden, disturbing, and often repeated vivid memories of an event in the past; associated with PTSD, those who experience flashbacks feel like the traumatic event is happening all over again

defined by Carey Marr

subjective experience of ease with which people process information

defined by Namkje Koudenburg

A scientific method used to indirectly study brain activity through measuring oxygen supply with a strong magnetic field.

defined by Pascal Vrtička

A scientific method used to indirectly study brain activity through measuring oxygen supply with infrared light.

defined by Pascal Vrtička

lineup members of known likely to be innocent (also named distractors or fillers)

defined by Melanie Sauerland

the cognitive study of how people classify and reason about the organic world; of particular interest is the human tendency to classify animals and plants into specific species-based groups

defined by Arno van Voorst

When children are interviewed by police as part of a criminal investigation.

defined by Mikaela Magnusson

Physical evidence such as ballistics, blood test, and DNA test etc. utilized in legal cases

defined by Bruna Calado

information in eyewitness accounts that was reported in an initial recall-attempt, but is not reported later

defined by Nina Tupper

Different forms of presenting the same information that trigger different psychological processes. Examples: A glass is half full vs. half empty; 100 out of 300 people died vs. 200 out of 300 people were saved.

defined by Mario Herberz

A memory test in which people are asked to provide information any and all information they can remember

defined by Carey Marr

selfish individuals within a group whom consume a public resource without contributing toward its cost (i.e., individuals who obtain benefits or rewards without making an appropriate effort or sacrifice)

defined by Ashley Waggoner Denton

a neuroimaging technique that indirectly measures changes in neuronal activity through indexing the utilization of oxygen in the blood. This technique has proven incredibly useful for localizing brain function

defined by Joe Moran

A scientific method used to indirectly study brain activity through measuring oxygen supply with infrared light.

defined by Pascal Vrtička

the tendency for people to over-emphasize dispositional, or personality-based, explanations for behaviors observed in others while under-emphasizing situational explanations

defined by Arno van Voorst

people's tendency to place an undue emphasis on internal characteristics to explain someone else's behavior in a given situation, rather than considering external factors

defined by Joe Moran

according to this theory, information is stored into two traces: a) the verbatim trace captures specific details, and b) the gist trace captures underlying meanings

defined by Nathalie Brackmann

expressions of emotion as a sequence of involuntary, fast facial action

Fact-checking is the process of verifying the accuracy and credibility of claims, statements, or information using reliable evidence and sources. Fact-checks vary in scope and format, and can help to counter misinformation, improve public understanding, and foster critical thinking.

On a psychological level, factors are influences that shape behavior, feelings, and thinking. These include personal experiences, social relationships, and environmental conditions. Understanding these factors is important for analyzing mental processes and developing therapeutic approaches.

Accusations of crimes that are not anchored in real events.

belief for the occurrence of events that actually do not happen

when a person confesses to a crime that they did not actually commit; often occurs as a result of inappropriate interrogation and/or mental impairment

When an innocent suspect admits to a crime he/she did not commit. 

memories of events that were not actually experienced. Research shows that such false memories can arise through external suggestion (e.g. through biased questioning techniques during interrogations or in therapy sessions) or autosuggestion (e.g. through one's own (re)interpretation of symptoms, dreams, etc.). 

memories of events that were not actually experienced. Research shows that such false memories can arise through external suggestion (e.g. through biased questioning techniques during interrogations or in therapy sessions) or autosuggestion (e.g. through one's own (re)interpretation of symptoms, dreams, etc.).

a method to implant false memories into participants; in this method participants are persuaded by photoshopped photos that they have experienced an event and then form false memories for the event

the tendency to like what is familiar  

is passion plus commitment; you’re thinking about the other person all the time, your pulse races when you think about them, and you like to giggle together about the word “forever,” even if you don’t have a deep intimate understanding of each other (well, yet)

The worry that one may be absent from rewarding or interesting events and the fear of regretting one’s choices later, often associated with seeing others making rewarding experiences on social networking site.

Building block of perceptual impressions or planned actions (like form, color, orientation, movement direction, location, speed, size, etc.).

In everyday language, the term is used synonymously with emotion. In a narrower sense, however, feeling refers to the subjective aspect of an emotion. Emotions serve a function of motivating action. Certain physiological changes (e.g., increased heart rate, hormone release, regulation of the digestive system) provide the energy needed to respond quickly and appropriately to the emotion-triggering object. The experience of these physiological changes (e.g., butterflies in the stomach, a particularly strong and rapid heartbeat), as well as the experiential component (“I am in love,” etc.), is referred to as a feeling.

a framework to analyze and critique social systems and material practices that stigmatize certain kinds of bodily variations (i.e., people with disabilities); the key motives are forging positive identities and promoting the inclusion of women with disabilities in mainstream society

a term introduced by Csikszentmihalyi (1999) to describe a social group responsible for judging individual outcomes according to their creativity; the field is a relevant social system for the creating individual and it represents a part of society

a research project conducted in everyday, real-world settings

A physiological reaction that occurs in response to an acute stressful situation to help people cope with danger; also called “the acute stress response”

is imprinting (see below) by offspring

Sudden, disturbing, and often repeated vivid memories of an event in the past; associated with PTSD, those who experience flashbacks feel like the traumatic event is happening all over again

subjective experience of ease with which people process information

A scientific method used to indirectly study brain activity through measuring oxygen supply with a strong magnetic field.

A scientific method used to indirectly study brain activity through measuring oxygen supply with infrared light.

lineup members of known likely to be innocent (also named distractors or fillers)

the cognitive study of how people classify and reason about the organic world; of particular interest is the human tendency to classify animals and plants into specific species-based groups

Food neophobia refers to the fear of, or an aversion to, new or unfamiliar foods. People with strong food neophobia are reluctant to try new foods because they perceive them as potentially unpleasant or unsafe. This can be due to cultural, biological, or personal experiences.

When children are interviewed by police as part of a criminal investigation.

Physical evidence such as ballistics, blood test, and DNA test etc. utilized in legal cases

information in eyewitness accounts that was reported in an initial recall-attempt, but is not reported later

Different forms of presenting the same information that trigger different psychological processes. Examples: A glass is half full vs. half empty; 100 out of 300 people died vs. 200 out of 300 people were saved.

A memory test in which people are asked to provide information any and all information they can remember

selfish individuals within a group whom consume a public resource without contributing toward its cost (i.e., individuals who obtain benefits or rewards without making an appropriate effort or sacrifice)

a neuroimaging technique that indirectly measures changes in neuronal activity through indexing the utilization of oxygen in the blood. This technique has proven incredibly useful for localizing brain function

A scientific method used to indirectly study brain activity through measuring oxygen supply with infrared light.

A way of relating to one’s body based on respect and gratitude for what it is able to do (functionality) rather than how it looks (appearance). 

the tendency for people to over-emphasize dispositional, or personality-based, explanations for behaviors observed in others while under-emphasizing situational explanations

people's tendency to place an undue emphasis on internal characteristics to explain someone else's behavior in a given situation, rather than considering external factors

according to this theory, information is stored into two traces: a) the verbatim trace captures specific details, and b) the gist trace captures underlying meanings